If you're house hunting, whether it's for your first home or your fifth, you will eventually need to obtain a detailed copy of your credit report. And thanks to the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), initially passed in 1970, you are allowed to request a free copy of it once every 12 months.

The three companies responsible for distributing the vast majority of credit reports are Equifax, TransUnion and Experian. These reports are what lenders use to underwrite mortgage loans.

It does not diminish your credit rating to use this program; rather, it allows you and your financial backer the opportunity to ensure the information listed therein is accurate, complete and up to date. Armed with this knowledge, among many other mitigating factors, you will be able to ascertain how easy or troublesome it will likely be to garner a home loan.

Credit Rating

The aforementioned credit reporting companies utilize a formula to calculate your credit rating. The results of this calculation are often referred to as your FICO score. Here is a simplified look at the primary factors that go into determining your FICO score, along with the percentage with which each is weighted:

  • Payment history (35 percent)
  • Amounts owed (30 percent)
  • Length of credit history (15 percent)
  • Types of credit used (10 percent)
  • New credit (10 percent)

Credit scores generally fall into the 300 to 850 range, with 850 being at the top. Most people tend to score in the 600s to 700. So it stands to reason that people with better scores get better interest rates and more options when applying for mortgage loans.

There are a number of things you, as a prospective homebuyer, can do to raise your credit score.  Such tactics include making sure you're current on payments, keep your balances low on revolving credit card accounts (higher balances will lower your score), avoid making major purchases while applying for a mortgage, connect with your agent's preferred mortgage lender to find the best package for your financial circumstances and, finally, watch out for imposter sites. Be sure to check with your real estate agent for certified credit report companies during this process.